Degree in Social and Economic Sciences (Mag. rer. soc. oec.) from the University of St.Gallen (HSG) and the University of Innsbruck with an emphasis on Banking and Finance as well as Auditing. Inclusion in the list of persons according to Article 180a of the Persons and Companies Act (Personen- und Gesellschaftsrecht – PGR). Further training at the Swiss Board School of the University of St.Gallen (HSG) for chairmen and members of boards of directors.